電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)鐵芯設(she)備。由于(yu)鐵芯磁(ci)路(lu)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)側提(ti)供的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勵磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)畸變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)，其產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)包(bao)含(han)在勵磁(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)中，含(han)有(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)成分(fen)(fen)。諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)頻(pin)率主(zhu)要(yao)是(shi)3倍(bei)、5倍(bei)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)7倍(bei)，諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大小與(yu)(yu)鐵心材料的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)特(te)(te)性和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)設(she)計中選擇的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)點有(you)(you)(you)關，即與(yu)(yu)工(gong)作(zuo)磁(ci)通(tong)密度(du)有(you)(you)(you)關。前(qian)者(zhe)決定(ding)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)特(te)(te)性，后者(zhe)決定(ding)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)度(du)。高(gao)磁(ci)通(tong)密度(du)可以節(jie)省鐵芯材料，但(dan)會增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)。同時(shi)(shi)，干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)運(yun)行時(shi)(shi)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)與(yu)(yu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)有(you)(you)(you)關。系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)工(gong)作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)高(gao)，工(gong)作(zuo)點在飽(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)區越(yue)深，空載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)形畸變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)越(yue)大，諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)含(han)量(liang)急劇上(shang)(shang)升。玉樹和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)五(wu)棵樹變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站220kV和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)66kV5的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)次(ci)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)含(han)量(liang)隨著(zhu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)而增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，這是(shi)由于(yu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵心飽(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)造成的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因此進(jin)行了(le)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)有(you)(you)(you)載調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)分(fen)(fen)接(jie)頭的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)試(shi)驗，此時(shi)(shi)負(fu)荷基本不變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)。以玉樹變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站為(wei)例，干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)接(jie)頭由' 7 '調整(zheng)為(wei)' 12 '，66kV側母線相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)由36kV上(shang)(shang)升至41.2kV，隨著(zhu)3%的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，66kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)五(wu)次(ci)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)含(han)量(liang)由3.8%上(shang)(shang)升至5.1%，增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)21.4%。66kV母線負(fu)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)(cong)4.9V上(shang)(shang)升到6.6 V，只需1min左右(you)，證明負(fu)載對五(wu)次(ci)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)影響。繼(ji)續將干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)分(fen)(fen)接(jie)頭位置從(cong)(cong)‘12’調整(zheng)到‘3’，66kV側母線相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)從(cong)(cong)41.2kV下降到37.5kV，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)降9%。66kV電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)五(wu)次(ci)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)含(han)量(liang)從(cong)(cong)5.1%下降到2.1%，降幅達59%。66kV母線負(fu)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)濾波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)輸(shu)出(chu)端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)由6.6V降至3.2V，此時(shi)(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)高(gao)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側三相(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不平衡度(du)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化。可以看出(chu)，隨著(zhu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)次(ci)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)也隨之增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)，且增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)幅度(du)遠大于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)增(zeng)(zeng)(zeng)加(jia)幅度(du)。為(wei)了(le)進(jin)一步驗證系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)運(yun)行電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)升高(gao)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)五(wu)次(ci)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)產生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影響，我(wo)們對長春干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)廠生(sheng)產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)SZ9-31500/66干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)進(jin)行了(le)空載試(shi)驗。試(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源從(cong)(cong)主(zhu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)側加(jia)入，分(fen)(fen)別在100%、105%和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)110%額定(ding)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下測量(liang)3次(ci)、5次(ci)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)7次(ci)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)。測試(shi)結果(guo)如表3所示。

從(cong)表3的(de)(de)測試數據中不難看出，工作電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)增加對干(gan)式(shi)(shi)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)產(chan)生的(de)(de)諧波(bo)有顯(xian)著影響(xiang)，尤(you)其是5次(ci)諧波(bo)。當電(dian)壓(ya)升至額(e)定(ding)電(dian)壓(ya)的(de)(de)110%時，根(gen)據伏安特(te)(te)性曲線，拐點(dian)尚(shang)未達(da)到，干(gan)式(shi)(shi)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)尚(shang)未達(da)到飽和區，但干(gan)式(shi)(shi)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)已產(chan)生高達(da)7.4%的(de)(de)五次(ci)諧波(bo)電(dian)壓(ya)含(han)量。因此，單純從(cong)干(gan)式(shi)(shi)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)空(kong)載特(te)(te)性試驗來看，無法全面考察干(gan)式(shi)(shi)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)運(yun)行特(te)(te)性中的(de)(de)諧波(bo)問題，主要原因是干(gan)式(shi)(shi)變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)生產(chan)廠家采用新(xin)材料提高磁通密(mi)度。

通過以上測試分析，可以認為玉樹和五棵樹變電站由于夜間系統負荷低、系統運(yun)行(xing)電壓(ya)高、干式變壓(ya)器電流嚴重畸變，導致(zhi)干式變壓(ya)器諧(xie)波含量(liang)急劇(ju)上升，五次諧(xie)波電壓(ya)嚴重超(chao)標(biao)。此時，干式變壓(ya)器相當(dang)于諧(xie)波電壓(ya)源(yuan)。

2.4諧波對負(fu)序電壓濾波器的影(ying)響(xiang)分析

從以往的(de)測試數據和分析可以看(kan)出(chu)，玉樹和五棵樹變電(dian)(dian)(dian)站負序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)濾波器(qi)輸出(chu)端的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)5次(ci)諧波電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，并隨著(zhu)66kV母線5次(ci)諧波電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)的(de)增(zeng)大而增(zeng)大。正常(chang)情(qing)況下，負序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)濾波器(qi)refl的(de)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya) #p#分頁標題#e#

根據(ju)(ju)表(biao)4的試驗數(shu)據(ju)(ju)，五(wu)次(ci)諧(xie)波電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)對(dui)負(fu)序電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)濾(lv)波器的影響較(jiao)大，五(wu)次(ci)諧(xie)波電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)含量對(dui)負(fu)序電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)濾(lv)波器的滲透系數(shu)為80%-89%。玉樹變(bian)(bian)電站(zhan)66kV母(mu)線負(fu)序電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繼電器動作(zuo)值(zhi)設(she)定為9V。根據(ju)(ju)表(biao)4的試驗數(shu)據(ju)(ju)，玉樹變(bian)(bian)電站(zhan)66kV母(mu)線五(wu)次(ci)諧(xie)波電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)含量達到12%左(zuo)右時，負(fu)序電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)繼電器電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)濾(lv)波器輸出端電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)為9.33伏，超(chao)過9V的整(zheng)定值(zhi)，造(zao)成誤(wu)操作(zuo)。

2.5測(ce)試結論

(1)1)66kV母線負序電壓(ya)濾波器輸(shu)出端電壓(ya)隨(sui)著系統(tong)電壓(ya)的(de)增加而增加。

(2)系統5次諧(xie)波增加導(dao)致66kV母線負序(xu)電(dian)壓濾波器(qi)輸出端電(dian)壓升高。 

(3)由于農村電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中(zhong)存在(zai)一些額定電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為(wei)60 kV和63kV的(de)干式變壓器，它們在(zai)輕(qing)載高電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓下運行是產(chan)生五次(ci)諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)另(ling)一個原因。

(4)仿真(zhen)試驗證明(ming)，額定電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)為(wei)66kV的(de)(de)主(zhu)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)在(zai)110%額定電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)下空載運行時，可(ke)產生7.4%的(de)(de)5次(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和37%的(de)(de)5次(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)電流(liu)。五(wu)次(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)對BFY-12A負序電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繼(ji)電器(qi)的(de)(de)滲透率高達80%-89%。對于設定動作值(zhi)為(wei)9V的(de)(de)BFY-12A負序電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)繼(ji)電器(qi)，當(dang)其(qi)連(lian)接(jie)點的(de)(de)五(wu)次(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)電壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)含量約為(wei)11%時，可(ke)觸(chu)發動作。

3措施和(he)建議(yi)

(1)安裝電能質量在線檢測裝置，設置5次諧波(bo)電壓預警信(xin)號(hao)。當系統(tong)五次諧波(bo)電壓偏高(gao)時，發出(chu)預警信(xin)號(hao)，提示運行人員注意，同時采(cai)取(qu)技術措施。

(2)更換負序(xu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)濾波器，選擇抗諧(xie)波能力(li)強，有5次(ci)諧(xie)波濾波電(dian)(dian)路的負序(xu)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)濾波器。

(3)在特定時間段(duan)內，結(jie)合在線電(dian)能質量監測和(he)系統(tong)(tong)運行電(dian)壓水平，調整有載(zai)干式變壓器的抽頭，人為降低66kV系統(tong)(tong)運行電(dian)壓高的問(wen)題。

(4)如有必要(yao)，在(zai)66kV系統中應(ying)安(an)裝并聯電抗(kang)器，以(yi)減少(shao)特定(ding)時間段內系統運(yun)行(xing)電壓偏高的(de)問題。這(zhe)項措施需要(yao)進一步的(de)可行(xing)性研究。

(5)在門(men)檻允許的情況下，在一些額定電壓的農村(cun)電網(wang)中，更(geng)換額定電壓為60 kV和63kV的干式變壓器

建議相關(guan)部(bu)門(men)(men)今(jin)后對接(jie)人公用電(dian)(dian)網的電(dian)(dian)力干(gan)(gan)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓器增加飽和倍數的諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)測試項目，對諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)偏(pian)大的干(gan)(gan)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓器禁止入網，在(zai)源頭上堵住(zhu)電(dian)(dian)力干(gan)(gan)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓器產(chan)生5次(ci)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)問題。同時(shi)也(ye)希望家有關(guan)部(bu)門(men)(men)對電(dian)(dian)力干(gan)(gan)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓器產(chan)生諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)特(te)別是5次(ci)諧(xie)(xie)波(bo)(bo)的問題引起重視，盡快制(zhi)定出相應的技術標(biao)準。