張文對玉樹(shu)變電站(zhan)和(he)五棵(ke)樹(shu)變電站(zhan)負序(xu)(xu)(xu)電壓(ya)(ya)繼(ji)電器(qi)頻繁誤(wu)動(dong)作進(jin)行了(le)測試分(fen)析。結合干式變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)空載功率升壓(ya)(ya)試驗(yan)和(he)負序(xu)(xu)(xu)電壓(ya)(ya)繼(ji)電器(qi)諧波(bo)干擾試驗(yan)分(fen)析，得出玉樹(shu)變電站(zhan)和(he)五棵(ke)樹(shu)變電站(zhan)負序(xu)(xu)(xu)A繼(ji)電器(qi)誤(wu)動(dong)作是由(you)于運行電壓(ya)(ya)高導致(zhi)干式變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)鐵心過(guo)飽和(he)而產生的(de)五次(ci)諧波(bo)所致(zhi)。較后，提出了(le)措施和(he)建議。關鍵詞：電力(li)干式變壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)；五次(ci)諧波(bo)；負序(xu)(xu)(xu)電壓(ya)(ya)；負序(xu)(xu)(xu)電壓(ya)(ya)濾波(bo)器(qi)

0簡介

東北地(di)區由于經濟發(fa)展相對落后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)負荷波(bo)(bo)(bo)動(dong)較(jiao)大(da)，尤其是清晨電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)負荷急劇下降時(shi)，系(xi)統(tong)(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)升(sheng)高(gao)，當地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)網220kV系(xi)統(tong)(tong)達到(dao)240kV甚至更(geng)高(gao)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)干(gan)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)運(yun)行在(zai)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)水平，導致(zhi)干(gan)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)過(guo)飽和(he)，產(chan)生(sheng)大(da)量高(gao)次(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)。傳統(tong)(tong)理論認(ren)為(wei)干(gan)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)過(guo)飽和(he)主(zhu)要產(chan)生(sheng)三次(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)。然而，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)干(gan)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)新(xin)技(ji)術、新(xin)工藝、新(xin)材料(liao)的(de)應用和(he)推廣(guang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)干(gan)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)高(gao)次(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)特性(xing)也發(fa)生(sheng)了變(bian)(bian)化，五次(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)成為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)干(gan)式(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)中較(jiao)豐富的(de)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)。由于五次(ci)諧(xie)波(bo)(bo)(bo)的(de)特殊性(xing)，給電(dian)(dian)(dian)網中運(yun)行的(de)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置和(he)計量裝(zhuang)置帶來了嚴重(zhong)的(de)危害和(he)影響。

1基本概述

長春供電(dian)(dian)(dian)公(gong)司所屬的榆樹(shu)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)、五棵樹(shu)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)為哈大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化鐵路牽引變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)，正常運(yun)行方(fang)式(shi)(shi)為單干(gan)式(shi)(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)運(yun)行。2003年4、5月(yue)(yue)夜間22時(shi)(shi)至(zhi)凌晨1時(shi)(shi)，兩個(ge)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)66kV母線負(fu)序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)濾(lv)波(bo)器(qi)(qi)偶(ou)爾動作(zuo)，發出電(dian)(dian)(dian)網負(fu)序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏(pian)(pian)高的信號(hao)。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)系統(tong)運(yun)行正常，無任何(he)事故。這一現象(xiang)在2003年8月(yue)(yue)達到頂峰。幾乎(hu)每晚(wan)負(fu)序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)都會發出負(fu)序(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)偏(pian)(pian)高的信號(hao)，嚴重影響系統(tong)的安全運(yun)行。五棵樹(shu)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)是2001年9月(yue)(yue)由老(lao)武德一級變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)改(gai)造而成(cheng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)化鐵路牽引變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)。配有兩個(ge)主(zhu)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)，SFPZ4-63000和SFPZ8-63000，接(jie)線方(fang)式(shi)(shi)為Y0，d .新增(zeng)4條220kV線路，分(fen)別為

玉(yu)樹中(zhong)五線與玉(yu)樹一(yi)級變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站相連；玉(yu)樹變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站為適應(ying)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化鐵路的需要進(jin)行了改造，一(yi)臺SFPZ4-63000干式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)，一(yi)臺SFPZ7-120000干式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)，接線方式(shi)(shi)為Y.d、220kV余復線與雙(shuang)城堡(bao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站相連，雙(shuang)城堡(bao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站也是(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣化鐵路的牽(qian)引(yin)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所。長春供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)公司(si)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)接線圖見圖1。這種系(xi)統(tong)(tong)結構(gou)使得玉(yu)樹變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站和(he)五棵樹變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站含有非線性電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)負(fu)(fu)荷，在(zai)220千伏系(xi)統(tong)(tong)中(zhong)產(chan)生諧波。為查明負(fu)(fu)序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)頻繁誤動作(zuo)的原因，2003年11月3日至5日在(zai)玉(yu)樹、五棵樹變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站進(jin)行了諧波測(ce)試分析(xi)(測(ce)試過(guo)程中(zhong)運行的是(shi)SFPZ7-120000干式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi))。

2諧波測試(shi)與分析

2.1測(ce)試(shi)方法(fa)

諧波測(ce)(ce)(ce)試采用8000-2電能質量測(ce)(ce)(ce)試儀，其(qi)電壓(ya)(ya)取(qu)(qu)自烏什樹、玉(yu)樹變(bian)電站220kV、66kV母(mu)線(xian)電壓(ya)(ya)互(hu)(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)二次(ci)(ci)回路(lu)；電流取(qu)(qu)自烏什樹和玉(yu)樹變(bian)電站主變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)一、二次(ci)(ci)主電流互(hu)(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)二次(ci)(ci)側和各線(xian)路(lu)電流互(hu)(hu)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)二次(ci)(ci)側。按(an)照中華人民(min)共和家標準《電能質量公用電網諧波》的(de)(de)要(yao)求進行測(ce)(ce)(ce)試：各諧波測(ce)(ce)(ce)點的(de)(de)諧波測(ce)(ce)(ce)試頻率(數(shu)據)不得少于5次(ci)(ci)；取(qu)(qu)5次(ci)(ci)測(ce)(ce)(ce)量的(de)(de)算術平(ping)均(jun)值，同時記錄66kV母(mu)線(xian)負(fu)序電壓(ya)(ya)濾波器(qi)(qi)輸出(chu)端電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)變(bian)化(hua)。 #p#分頁標題#e#

2.2測試內容

2003年11月3日17時至2003年11月5日1時，正常運行方式下，220千伏(fu)母(mu)線和(he)66千伏(fu)母(mu)線的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，66千伏(fu)母(mu)線負序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓濾波(bo)器(qi)的(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓值，220千伏(fu)側主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，主(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感器(qi)

在壓力調節(jie)旋(xuan)塞各位置的操作(zuo)條件下，測(ce)試上述參數。

2.3測試分析

為便(bian)于(yu)分析(xi)，僅列出玉樹變電(dian)(dian)站諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)壓和諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)流的(de)測試結果，分別見表(biao)1和表(biao)2。

從表(biao)1和(he)(he)表(biao)2的(de)(de)(de)測試數據(ju)可以看(kan)出，玉(yu)樹變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)有載調壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)干式變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)分接頭(tou)位(wei)置(zhi)在當天(tian)的(de)(de)(de)‘7’。隨(sui)著時(shi)間的(de)(de)(de)推移(yi)，隨(sui)著夜幕的(de)(de)(de)降(jiang)臨(lin)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力負荷(he)逐漸(jian)降(jiang)低，系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)逐漸(jian)升(sheng)高，其66kV母線負序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)濾波(bo)(bo)器的(de)(de)(de)輸出端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)值和(he)(he)五(wu)次(ci)諧波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)含量也逐漸(jian)增大。此時(shi)系(xi)統(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)雖然上(shang)升(sheng)，但其三相電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)不平衡值基本不變。以玉(yu)樹變電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)為例，其220千伏(fu)和(he)(he)66千伏(fu)母線的(de)(de)(de)五(wu)次(ci)諧波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)含量在晚上(shang)17: 30左右分別為1.4%和(he)(he)2.6%，在半夜23: 00時(shi)分別上(shang)升(sheng)到1.8%和(he)(he)4.2%，超(chao)過(guo)家標準限(xian)值1.6%和(he)(he)2.4%。同(tong)時(shi)，66kV母線負序電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)濾波(bo)(bo)器的(de)(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)也從2.9 V提高到4.9 V，并用頻譜表(biao)示(shi)波(bo)(bo)形

據觀察，負(fu)序電(dian)(dian)壓濾(lv)波器輸(shu)出端的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)五倍分(fen)(fen)量(liang)，而不是(shi)基波負(fu)序電(dian)(dian)壓。此時(shi)玉樹變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)主變(bian)二次主TA負(fu)荷電(dian)(dian)流(liu)由260A降(jiang)至120 A；五次諧(xie)(xie)波電(dian)(dian)流(liu)從9.6A上升到39A，超(chao)過10A的(de)(de)(de)允許值(zhi)。就玉樹變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)而言，有六(liu)條66kV線(xian)(xian)路，即雨城線(xian)(xian)、雨翔線(xian)(xian)、郁秀線(xian)(xian)、渝北線(xian)(xian)、吳語線(xian)(xian)和猶達線(xian)(xian)，它們(men)都不包(bao)含(han)大的(de)(de)(de)非(fei)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)電(dian)(dian)力負(fu)荷，它們(men)的(de)(de)(de)負(fu)荷在晚(wan)上較(jiao)大，在深夜(ye)較(jiao)小。比如魚香線(xian)(xian)、吳語線(xian)(xian)、猶達線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)載(zai)客量(liang)很小，深夜(ye)幾乎為零。我們(men)知(zhi)道非(fei)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)負(fu)載(zai)產生的(de)(de)(de)諧(xie)(xie)波與其負(fu)載(zai)密切相關(guan)，負(fu)載(zai)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)刻也是(shi)諧(xie)(xie)波電(dian)(dian)流(liu)較(jiao)大的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)刻，所以家標準規定非(fei)線(xian)(xian)性(xing)(xing)負(fu)載(zai)要(yao)測(ce)試較(jiao)大負(fu)載(zai)工況。通過以上測(ce)試和分(fen)(fen)析(xi)，初(chu)步(bu)得出玉樹和五棵(ke)樹變(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)66kV母線(xian)(xian)和220kV母線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)五次諧(xie)(xie)波問題不是(shi)由66