降低大型火力發電機(ji)組廠用電率的措施(shi)作(zuo)者匿名(ming)2008/1/16 123:093362

渠道(dao)：關(guan)鍵(jian)詞(ci)：摘要(yao)：廠(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)是衡量(liang)(liang)火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)經(jing)濟性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)要(yao)經(jing)濟技術(shu)指標之一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。張文分(fen)析(xi)了(le)華(hua)能(neng)(neng)德州電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)6號(hao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(660MW)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)潛(qian)(qian)力(li)，以(yi)(yi)及為(wei)(wei)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)所采(cai)取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系列措(cuo)施(shi)。通過優化(hua)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)方(fang)式、技術(shu)改(gai)造和加(jia)(jia)強運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)管理，6號(hao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)大(da)(da)幅降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)，從(cong)生產(chan)(chan)初期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5.8%以(yi)(yi)上降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)至(zhi)(zhi)現在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)5.4%以(yi)(yi)下，達到了(le)節(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)耗(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。關(guan)鍵(jian)詞(ci)：發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)；輔(fu)(fu)(fu)助動(dong)力(li)率(lv)；節(jie)(jie)(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)措(cuo)施(shi)；華(hua)能(neng)(neng)德州電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)6號(hao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(660兆瓦)是山東電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網單(dan)(dan)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)容(rong)量(liang)(liang)較(jiao)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩臺火電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)之一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)。鍋爐(lu)(lu)(lu)為(wei)(wei)德巴布科(ke)克(ke)公司生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亞臨界(jie)自(zi)然(ran)循(xun)環汽(qi)(qi)包(bao)鍋爐(lu)(lu)(lu)，制(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)系統(tong)配有(you)巴布科(ke)克(ke)公司生產(chan)(chan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)六臺雙(shuang)進(jin)口、雙(shuang)出(chu)口、正壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)直吹(chui)(chui)式圓筒球磨(mo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)。2002年10月(yue)13日(ri)，連續(xu)滿負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)試運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)168小時(shi)后(hou)投(tou)產(chan)(chan)。華(hua)能(neng)(neng)德州電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)6號(hao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)在(zai)(zai)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)初期，單(dan)(dan)臺機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)綜合廠(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)(包(bao)括外圍除灰(hui)(hui)、化(hua)學、輸煤系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian))往往在(zai)(zai)5.8%以(yi)(yi)上。華(hua)能(neng)(neng)德州電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)采(cai)取了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)系列措(cuo)施(shi)，深挖節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)潛(qian)(qian)力(li)，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)6號(hao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)率(lv)。1號(hao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)潛(qian)(qian)力(li)分(fen)析(xi)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)主(zhu)要(yao)消(xiao)耗(hao)(hao)在(zai)(zai)不(bu)斷運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鍋爐(lu)(lu)(lu)、汽(qi)(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)6kV輔(fu)(fu)(fu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)上，空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、制(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)、循(xun)環水(shui)(shui)(shui)三個(ge)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)助系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設備用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)約占[1]所有(you)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)70-75%。因此，通過深化(hua)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)輔(fu)(fu)(fu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)潛(qian)(qian)力(li)，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、制(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)、循(xun)環水(shui)(shui)(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，是降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)。1.1制(zhi)粉(fen)(fen)系統(tong)和煙(yan)(yan)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)系統(tong)節(jie)(jie)(jie)能(neng)(neng)潛(qian)(qian)力(li)分(fen)析(xi)(1)6號(hao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)為(wei)(wei)進(jin)口靜葉(xie)離心風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)力(li)由(you)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)進(jin)口擋板調節(jie)(jie)(jie)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)跟蹤鍋爐(lu)(lu)(lu)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)變化(hua)。由(you)于(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)設計(ji)值(zhi)偏高，風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)隨(sui)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)變化(hua)小，機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)在(zai)(zai)400 ~ 500 MW低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)時(shi)(鍋爐(lu)(lu)(lu)無(wu)油投(tou)入(ru)穩定燃(ran)燒負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)為(wei)(wei)400MW)。在(zai)(zai)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)時(shi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)仍保持(chi)較(jiao)高水(shui)(shui)(shui)平(約9.0千帕)，增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了(le)攜帶風(feng)(feng)(feng)門(men)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)煤機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)節(jie)(jie)(jie)流損(sun)失和一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耗(hao)(hao)。為(wei)(wei)了(le)解決這一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)問(wen)題，華(hua)能(neng)(neng)德州電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)廠(chang)(chang)(chang)在(zai)(zai)DCS中(zhong)修改(gai)了(le)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)曲線(xian)，增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了(le)操作(zuo)人員手動(dong)風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)設定模塊(kuai)。當(dang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)在(zai)(zai)550 ~ 660 MW之間時(shi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)維持(chi)在(zai)(zai)9.0~10.0kPa，當(dang)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)至(zhi)(zhi)400 ~ 450 MW時(shi)，一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)適當(dang)降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)至(zhi)(zhi)7.5 ~ 8.0 kPa，增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)了(le)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)期間磨(mo)煤機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)攜帶風(feng)(feng)(feng)調節(jie)(jie)(jie)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)開度(du)，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)了(le)磨(mo)煤機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)力(li)。在(zai)(zai) (2)，由(you)于(yu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)預(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)漏風(feng)(feng)(feng)率(lv)高，漏風(feng)(feng)(feng)損(sun)失導(dao)致(zhi)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)。同(tong)(tong)時(shi)，由(you)于(yu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)預(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)積灰(hui)(hui)嚴(yan)重，部分(fen)蓄(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)片被(bei)腐蝕，導(dao)致(zhi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)預(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)煙(yan)(yan)側滿負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)差達到2.4 ~ 2.5 kPa，遠高于(yu)1.2kPa的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設計(ji)值(zhi)，導(dao)致(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耗(hao)(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)增(zeng)加(jia)(jia)。對此，在(zai)(zai)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)大(da)(da)修期間，將(jiang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)預(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)密封裝(zhuang)置(zhi)更(geng)(geng)換為(wei)(wei)可調式密封，更(geng)(geng)換了(le)腐蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蓄(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)片，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)了(le)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)預(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)漏風(feng)(feng)(feng)率(lv)，降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)了(le)風(feng)(feng)(feng)煙(yan)(yan)阻力(li)；同(tong)(tong)時(shi)，為(wei)(wei)了(le)避免空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)預(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)溫腐蝕和對蓄(xu)(xu)熱(re)(re)板的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)壞，應根(gen)據(ju)環境(jing)溫度(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變化(hua)，及時(shi)投(tou)入(ru)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)加(jia)(jia)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)，用(yong)(yong)(yong)乙(yi)炔脈(mo)沖吹(chui)(chui)灰(hui)(hui)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)代替空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)預(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蒸汽(qi)(qi)吹(chui)(chui)灰(hui)(hui)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，優化(hua)吹(chui)(chui)灰(hui)(hui)運(yun)(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)方(fang)式，控制(zhi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)預(yu)(yu)熱(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)積灰(hui)(hui)，使煙(yan)(yan)側壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)差保持(chi)在(zai)(zai)1.2kPa以(yi)(yi)下，從(cong)而降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)鼓(gu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)耗(hao)(hao)。 (3)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)磨(mo)煤機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)故障率(lv)在(zai)(zai)初始階(jie)段(duan)較(jiao)高 #p#分(fen)頁(ye)標題#e#

(4)6號(hao)(hao)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)(lu)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)為雙(shuang)進口雙(shuang)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口鋼球(qiu)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。由于實(shi)際燃用(yong)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)種(zhong)與(yu)(yu)設(she)計(ji)(ji)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)種(zhong)不(bu)同(tong)，鋼球(qiu)實(shi)際磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)損(sun)率(lv)(lv)與(yu)(yu)供貨商(shang)提供的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼球(qiu)添加公式(shi)(shi)誤差較大。因此，生產初(chu)期需要(yao)補充的(de)(de)(de)(de)鋼球(qiu)數量(liang)過大，磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)實(shi)際運(yun)行(xing)(xing)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)增(zeng)(zeng)加，增(zeng)(zeng)加了(le)(le)(le)(le)輔(fu)助功(gong)耗。通(tong)過不(bu)斷的(de)(de)(de)(de)探索和經(jing)(jing)驗積累，操(cao)作人(ren)員(yuan)調(diao)整了(le)(le)(le)(le)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)裝球(qiu)頻率(lv)(lv)，通(tong)過合(he)(he)(he)理(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)方案(an)向磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)補充鋼球(qiu)，在保證(zheng)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)情況下，使磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)平均(jun)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)從1430kW降低(di)到1370kW左右。 (5)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)油(you)(you)(you)站(zhan)邏(luo)輯(ji)設(she)計(ji)(ji)不(bu)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)。原(yuan)設(she)計(ji)(ji)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)頂靴油(you)(you)(you)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)時(shi)，沒有延時(shi)跳(tiao)(tiao)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)；頂瓦油(you)(you)(you)泵出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口濾網堵塞(sai)(sai)，無法在線(xian)(xian)清洗。磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)跳(tiao)(tiao)閘不(bu)僅使鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)(lu)燃燒不(bu)穩定，而且增(zeng)(zeng)加了(le)(le)(le)(le)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)切換次(ci)數，增(zeng)(zeng)加了(le)(le)(le)(le)電耗。經(jing)(jing)過多(duo)次(ci)攻關、試(shi)驗和分析論證(zheng)，我(wo)們(men)對磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)頂靴油(you)(you)(you)系統進行(xing)(xing)了(le)(le)(le)(le)技(ji)術改造，對頂靴油(you)(you)(you)壓(ya)(ya)低(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)增(zeng)(zeng)加了(le)(le)(le)(le)50分鐘(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)延時(shi)，實(shi)現了(le)(le)(le)(le)頂靴油(you)(you)(you)泵出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)口濾網堵塞(sai)(sai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)在線(xian)(xian)清洗，進一步(bu)減(jian)少了(le)(le)(le)(le)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)切換次(ci)數，保證(zheng)了(le)(le)(le)(le)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)(lu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)燃燒穩定性。(6)合(he)(he)(he)理(li)安排磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)合(he)(he)(he)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)方式(shi)(shi)。正(zheng)常情況下，6號(hao)(hao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)4臺(tai)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)可承載550MW負(fu)荷(he)，5臺(tai)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)可承載660MW額(e)定負(fu)荷(he)。如果機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)負(fu)荷(he)曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)在550-580 MW之間(jian)，則(ze)五(wu)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)力小于額(e)定出(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)力的(de)(de)(de)(de)30%，運(yun)行(xing)(xing)不(bu)經(jing)(jing)濟。當5號(hao)(hao)、6號(hao)(hao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)均(jun)在不(bu)經(jing)(jing)濟負(fu)荷(he)下運(yun)行(xing)(xing)時(shi)，運(yun)行(xing)(xing)人(ren)員(yuan)應及時(shi)與(yu)(yu)值班長溝通(tong)，請示調(diao)度(du)，合(he)(he)(he)理(li)調(diao)整5號(hao)(hao)、6號(hao)(hao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)負(fu)荷(he)曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)，使機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)盡可能(neng)多(duo)地(di)啟動(dong)五(wu)號(hao)(hao)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)煤(mei)(mei)(mei)(mei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)負(fu)荷(he)，節約廠用(yong)電。(7)6號(hao)(hao)機(ji)(ji)(ji)組(zu)(zu)(zu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鼓(gu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)是(shi)一臺(tai)恒速(su)、電機(ji)(ji)(ji)驅動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)軸(zhou)流動(dong)葉可調(diao)式(shi)(shi)鼓(gu)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)。由于DCS中原(yuan)設(she)計(ji)(ji)二次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)力偏高，低(di)負(fu)荷(he)時(shi)二次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)擋板節流較大，增(zeng)(zeng)加了(le)(le)(le)(le)風(feng)(feng)(feng)機(ji)(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功(gong)耗。鑒于此，結合(he)(he)(he)鍋(guo)(guo)爐(lu)(lu)燃燒情況，我(wo)們(men)將各二次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)口手動(dong)調(diao)節擋板由50%增(zeng)(zeng)加到80% ~ 100%。同(tong)時(shi)修(xiu)改了(le)(le)(le)(le)DCS中的(de)(de)(de)(de)二次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)曲(qu)線(xian)(xian)，將滿負(fu)荷(he)(660MW)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)二次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)壓(ya)(ya)由2.5kPa降至(zhi)1.85kPa，使二次(ci)風(feng)(feng)(feng)在運(yun)行(xing)(xing)中可以電動(dong)閉鎖

板開度增大，減少了擋板節流帶來的廠用電損耗。1.2循環水系統節電潛力分析及節電措施 (1)華能德州電廠6號機組設有定速運行循環水泵3臺，正常運行采取2運1備的運行方式，為降低循環水泵電耗，經過論證，在環境溫度較低的冬季，運行1臺循泵就可以滿足凝汽器冷卻水和真空的要求，降低了廠用電消耗。 (2)投產初期膠球清洗收球不正常，經常收不到球，為回收膠球不得不開啟第3臺循泵提高循環水壓力。經對膠球清洗系統運行方式的調整，選擇規格合適的膠球，將膠球泵收球時間由1h延長到3～5h，實現了膠球清洗運行正常，收球時不再開啟第3臺循環水泵，避免了因收球帶來的循環水廠用電損失。 (3)機組停止后，由于循環水系統需經開式水系統向主機潤滑油、空壓機提供冷卻水源，導致循環水泵、開式水泵少用戶運行時間過長，使廠用電增加，對此，為主機潤滑油增加了一路工業水源作為備用，停機后主機潤滑油冷卻水切至工業水，空壓機冷卻水切至鄰機供給，使循環水泵無用戶后可以得到及時停運。1.3運行管理及設備運行方式1.3.1 機組正常運行時輔助系統的節電措施 (1)合理調整真空泵運行方式，根據6號機組汽機真空嚴密性較好和真空泵出力較大的實際情況，將真空泵運行方式由2臺泵運行、1臺泵備用改為1臺真空泵運行、2臺真空泵備有。 (2)磨煤機停運后即停止出口分離器電機運行。 (3)磨煤機啟動后即停止磨頂軸油泵運行。 (4)除渣溢流水池溢流水泵由連續運行調整為間斷運行，當溢流池水位高或灰水制漿時再開啟溢流水泵運行。使溢流水泵運行時間由原來每天24h縮短到2～3h。 (5)機組低負荷時，控制氧量不超過6.0％，避免過量空氣系數過大，進一步減少風機電耗。 (6)凝汽器補水方式由凝輸泵補水改由依靠凝汽器真空虹吸補水，機組正常運行期間凝輸泵停運，使凝輸泵用電大幅降低。1.3.2 停機后的節電措施 機組停運過程中及停運后，由于平均負荷低，甚至不帶負荷，輔機系統相對運行時間長，必然增大機組廠用電率，因此，合理安排停機過程中輔機系統的運行方式，輔機達到停運條件時及時停運，盡量縮短輔機運行時間，也是降低廠用電率的有效措施。2 有待挖掘的節電潛力 火力發電廠節電主要應在加強運行管理和設備改造等方面采取措施，由于設備改造需要工期長，投資大，很多需要在機組停機檢修期間完成，而部分設備運行方式的變更也需要科學論證后，才可以實施。目前，華能德州電廠6號機組仍舊存在一些節電潛力，有待論證后，利用適當的機會改造設備，調整運行方式后實現。 (1)根據6號爐制粉系統現狀，3臺磨煤機就可以帶450MW負荷，但由于鍋爐始終存在較嚴重的結焦問題，低負荷下，鍋爐落焦可能造成燃燒不穩定，出于機組運行安全考慮，機組在400MW負荷下仍采用4臺磨煤機運行組合，增加了低負荷下制粉電耗。在完全控制或消除鍋爐結焦問題后，當機組負荷小于450MW時，可以嘗試3臺磨煤機組合運行，進一步節約了制粉系統廠用電量。 (2)目前，磨煤機可以實現單側給煤機運行，當一側給煤機或下煤管道發生缺陷后，可以不停運磨煤機，實現給煤機單側運行，但是當一側給粉管路或一側分離器故障時，仍需要停磨煤機對分離器進行檢修，按設計單側分離器（出粉管）運行是允許的，建議生產部門試驗論證，做好單側分離器運行調試，減少因單側粉管路缺陷造成的磨煤機切換。 (3)引風機、一次風機為恒速運行離心式風機，機組帶滿負荷時，風機靜葉開度僅為60％左右，對于電網調峰機組來說，風機效率低，電耗偏大，尤其在低負荷時，電耗損失更大，因此，可以考慮將風機傳動裝置改用高壓變頻電機，以節約廠用電。 (4)機組的廠用電率與機組負荷關系密切，如果機組平均負荷高，廠用電率將明顯降低，6號機組主、輔機設計裕量均偏大，目前，6號機組已經進行了720MW穩定負荷運行試驗，計劃申請修改機組容量。 (5)循環水泵電機單速改雙速，在環境溫度低時，采用低速運行，此改造投資較小，易于實現，可以節約較多廠用電。 (6)目前，6號機組共布置400V檢修干式變壓器2臺（汽機檢修變和鍋爐檢修變），機組正常運行時，這2個干式變壓器基本不帶負荷，干式變壓器空載損耗增加了廠用電消耗，我們可以嘗試在兩檢修段之間設計一合適容量的聯絡開關，機組正常運行時停運1臺檢修變，實現干式變壓器冷備用，減少了熱備用干式變壓器的空載損耗。另外，5、6號機組的化水變，循水變同樣可以經適當改造，實現同類型干式變壓器一運一備，定期切換，達到干式變壓器冷備用，降低空載損耗的目的。按干式變壓器平均空載損耗3％計算，實現冷備用后，僅檢修變每年就可節電131400kW·h。 2003、2004年同期6號機組部分指標比較值見表1。2003、2004年部分月份6號機組經濟指標值見表2。表1 2003、2004年同期6號機組部分指標比較統計發電量/kW·h廠用電量/萬kW·h運行時間/h負荷率/％綜合廠用電率/％2003年1～10月258215.6.85.982004年1～10月318271.5.05.61表2 2003、2004年部分月份6號機組經濟指標2003年8月2004年1月2004年10月制粉、風煙、循環水三大系統電耗率/％4.433.913.77綜合廠用電率/％5.985.745.22 由表1、表2可看出，在同等負荷條件下，采取各項節電措施后，2004年1～10月6號機組綜合廠用電率與去年同期比較明顯下降，三大系統耗電率、綜合廠用電率呈降低趨勢，節電降耗效果顯著。3 參考文獻［1］徐甫榮.發電廠輔機節能改造技術方案分析.電氣傳動自動化，2004，（1）：1～2.［2］劉玉寧.電廠廠用電率及其對策.東方電氣評論，2002，（9）：158～159.#p#分頁標題#e#