摘要：本文(wen)提(ti)出了(le)一(yi)種基(ji)于磁(ci)通(tong)(tong)軌(gui)跡(ji)特征(zheng)的(de)(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)勵(li)磁(ci)涌流(liu)識(shi)別方法。該方法利用實(shi)測(ce)的(de)(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)電(dian)流(liu)量來推算干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)主磁(ci)通(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)軌(gui)跡(ji)，通(tong)(tong)過提(ti)取(qu)主磁(ci)通(tong)(tong)軌(gui)跡(ji)的(de)(de)特征(zheng)來判斷主磁(ci)通(tong)(tong)變化范圍，從(cong)而確(que)定干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)是否發生勵(li)磁(ci)涌流(liu)。仿真和(he)實(shi)驗(yan)結果證明了(le)識(shi)別方法的(de)(de)可行(xing)性。關(guan)鍵詞：繼電(dian)保護；電(dian)力(li)干(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)；勵(li)磁(ci)涌流(liu)；鐵心飽和(he)

基于磁(ci)(ci)通特征的電力變壓器勵磁(ci)(ci)涌流識(shi)別

本文提(ti)出(chu)了一種(zhong)基于(yu)磁(ci)通(tong)軌(gui)跡特征(zheng)(zheng)識(shi)別勵磁(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流的新(xin)方法。變壓器(qi)繞(rao)組(zu)的測量電流和電壓用于(yu)重構主磁(ci)通(tong)軌(gui)跡。然后通(tong)過(guo)提(ti)取通(tong)量軌(gui)跡特征(zheng)(zheng)來檢查其(qi)變化范圍是否(fou)在飽和區內。在此基礎(chu)上，提(ti)出(chu)了一種(zhong)識(shi)別勵磁(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流的新(xin)判據(ju)EMTP仿真和實驗結果都證明了該鑒別算法的有效性。關鍵詞：繼電保(bao)護；電力變壓器(qi)；勵磁(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流；鐵芯飽和

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)設備。隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力系統(tong)規模的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擴大(da)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)線(xian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)快速(su)增加，大(da)量(liang)大(da)容量(liang)、高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)功率(lv)(lv)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)投入運行，人們越來越重(zhong)(zhong)視其安全運行，這(zhe)對(dui)(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)裝(zhuang)置的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)運行提出(chu)了更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求[1-2]。數(shu)據顯(xian)示[3]，220kv以上(shang)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)率(lv)(lv)平均為68.96%，遠(yuan)低于(yu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)率(lv)(lv)98.2%和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)系統(tong)保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正(zheng)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)率(lv)(lv)99.33%，涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)造成(cheng)(cheng)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)誤動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)因素(su)。因此，有效(xiao)(xiao)識(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)短(duan)路故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)繼(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)保護(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)(yao)研(yan)究課題(ti)(ti)(ti)。目前，理(li)(li)論上(shang)已經研(yan)究并在(zai)(zai)實(shi)(shi)踐中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)應(ying)用的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)識(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)可分(fen)為以下兩類：1)利用干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)識(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，如間斷(duan)(duan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)二(er)次(ci)諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)制(zhi)動(dong)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)[1]；2)同時利用干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)來判(pan)別(bie)(bie)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，如磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)特性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)等效(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路參(can)數(shu)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)[1-4]。二(er)次(ci)諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)制(zhi)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)過計(ji)算差動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)次(ci)諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)分(fen)量(liang)來判(pan)斷(duan)(duan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)發(fa)(fa)生勵(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。當(dang)發(fa)(fa)生浪涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時，應(ying)該(gai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)：Id2 KId1。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)Id1和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)Id2分(fen)別(bie)(bie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)差動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)基(ji)波(bo)(bo)(bo)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)二(er)次(ci)諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幅度(du)；就是(shi)(shi)(shi)二(er)次(ci)諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)制(zhi)動(dong)比。但由(you)于(yu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)特性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，在(zai)(zai)某些工況下勵(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)次(ci)諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)含量(liang)較低，容易導(dao)致(zhi)誤操作(zuo)(zuo)；然而(er)(er)，隨著大(da)容量(liang)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)遠(yuan)距(ju)離輸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)(fa)展，當(dang)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)發(fa)(fa)生時，暫態電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)可能會產生較大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)二(er)次(ci)諧波(bo)(bo)(bo)，容易導(dao)致(zhi)運行失敗。間斷(duan)(duan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)根(gen)據干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)波(bo)(bo)(bo)形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不同特點，將(jiang)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)區分(fen)開來。但用微機實(shi)(shi)現不連(lian)續角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)采用更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采樣率(lv)(lv)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)更(geng)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)采樣精度(du)，才能準(zhun)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)測量(liang)不連(lian)續角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)小，正(zheng)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)判(pan)斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)進(jin)入“不連(lian)續”范圍。同時，需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)解決CT傳輸引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)間斷(duan)(duan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)形問題(ti)(ti)(ti)。這(zhe)些問題(ti)(ti)(ti)對(dui)(dui)微機實(shi)(shi)現間斷(duan)(duan)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硬件復雜度(du)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)成(cheng)(cheng)本提出(chu)了很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)求。等效(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路參(can)數(shu)識(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)法(fa)(fa)提出(chu)了一(yi)(yi)種基(ji)于(yu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)導(dao)納等效(xiao)(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)參(can)數(shu)識(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)，該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)同時利用干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，檢測導(dao)納參(can)數(shu)對(dui)(dui)地的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)，識(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)有故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。然而(er)(er)，這(zhe)種方(fang)法(fa)(fa)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)獲得干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)參(can)數(shu)，以便獲得對(dui)(dui)地導(dao)納參(can)數(shu)。利用磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)特征識(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)近年來較活躍的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研(yan)究方(fang)向之一(yi)(yi)。現有的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)些基(ji)于(yu)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)特性(xing)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)識(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)準(zhun)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)參(can)數(shu)或磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)化(hua)曲線(xian)，這(zhe)些參(can)數(shu)對(dui)(dui)識(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)效(xiao)(xiao)果(guo)有很大(da)影響。提出(chu)了一(yi)(yi)種無干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)參(can)數(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)軌跡(ji)特征方(fang)法(fa)(fa)來識(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。根(gen)據干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)時鐵芯(xin)不飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，勵(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時鐵芯(xin)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)，利用測量(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)來估計(ji)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)軌跡(ji)，通(tong)(tong)過提取(qu)主(zhu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)軌跡(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特征來確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)主(zhu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)化(hua)范圍是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，從而(er)(er)確(que)(que)(que)(que)(que)定(ding)(ding)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)否(fou)發(fa)(fa)生勵(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。仿真和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)實(shi)(shi)驗結(jie)果(guo)表(biao)明，該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)能夠快速(su)有效(xiao)(xiao)地識(shi)(shi)別(bie)(bie)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)短(duan)路故(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)。一(yi)(yi)個

  考慮(lv)干(gan)(gan)式變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)主磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)滯，主磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)Φm與干(gan)(gan)式變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)原、副邊的(de)差(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)Δi(Δi=i1-i′2，i′2為(wei)折算后(hou)的(de)副邊電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu))的(de)關系曲線(xian)如(ru)圖2中虛線(xian)所(suo)示(shi)(shi)。差(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)Δi即為(wei)干(gan)(gan)式變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)正常運(yun)行時的(de)勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。由于實(shi)際電(dian)(dian)(dian)路中所(suo)施加的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)為(wei)工頻交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，變(bian)化(hua)較(jiao)快，所(suo)以實(shi)際磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)軌跡通(tong)常達不(bu)到理想磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)滯回環(huan)兩端(duan)比(bi)較(jiao)尖的(de)部分(fen)，而(er)是(shi)(shi)如(ru)圖2中實(shi)線(xian)所(suo)示(shi)(shi)。由于主磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)路中存在(zai)(zai)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)滯和(he)渦流(liu)損(sun)耗，使(shi)(shi)得主磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)的(de)變(bian)化(hua)在(zai)(zai)時間軸上總是(shi)(shi)落后(hou)于勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)。這樣，在(zai)(zai)主磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)未進入飽(bao)和(he)區(qu)的(de)情況下，則主磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)和(he)勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)隨時間的(de)正弦變(bian)化(hua)量，且(qie)二者(zhe)之間存在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個相位差(cha)。因此，Φm-Δi的(de)軌跡曲線(xian)近似為(wei)一(yi)個橢圓，如(ru)圖3(a)所(suo)示(shi)(shi)；而(er)當干(gan)(gan)式變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)發生勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)流(liu)時，主磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)周(zhou)期性地進入和(he)退出飽(bao)和(he)區(qu)，并且(qie)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)和(he)勵磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)中的(de)自(zi)由分(fen)量使(shi)(shi)得Φm-Δi軌跡偏向一(yi)側，如(ru)圖3(b)所(suo)示(shi)(shi)。

  從(cong)Φm-Δi軌跡曲線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)特(te)征可(ke)以很明顯地判別(bie)出干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)心是(shi)(shi)否(fou)飽和，從(cong)而判斷出是(shi)(shi)否(fou)發生了勵(li)磁涌流。  下面，我們以圖(tu)(tu)1所(suo)(suo)示的(de)(de)單相(xiang)雙繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)例(li)，分析如(ru)何得(de)到(dao)主(zhu)磁路磁通(tong)(tong)對(dui)于(yu)原、副邊(bian)差流的(de)(de)關系曲線(xian)(xian)。  對(dui)于(yu)圖(tu)(tu)1所(suo)(suo)示的(de)(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)物理模(mo)型(xing)，其電(dian)路方程為(wei)：其中，r1,r2分別(bie)為(wei)原、副邊(bian)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組的(de)(de)電(dian)阻；L1,L2分別(bie)為(wei)原、副邊(bian)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組的(de)(de)漏感，分別(bie)對(dui)應于(yu)漏磁通(tong)(tong)Φs1、Φs2。  干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)空(kong)載時，副邊(bian)電(dian)流為(wei)零，(2)式(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)  Φ0為(wei)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)心的(de)(de)剩磁，是(shi)(shi)一常量(liang)。從(cong)數值(zhi)的(de)(de)角度看，其大小只影響Φm-Δi曲線(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)上下平移，并不(bu)影響其形(xing)狀(zhuang)，因此(ci)不(bu)影響對(dui)Φm是(shi)(shi)否(fou)進入飽和區的(de)(de)判斷。設Φ0=0，則(3)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)為(wei)：  所(suo)(suo)以，干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)空(kong)載時，用(5)式(shi)(shi)(shi)即可(ke)求得(de)干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)主(zhu)磁通(tong)(tong)；干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)帶負(fu)載時，盡(jin)管用(5)式(shi)(shi)(shi)求得(de)的(de)(de)磁通(tong)(tong)Φ為(wei)主(zhu)磁路磁通(tong)(tong)Φm的(de)(de)近似值(zhi)，但它(ta)們具有相(xiang)似的(de)(de)特(te)征。因此(ci)，不(bu)論干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)帶負(fu)載與否(fou)，都(dou)可(ke)由(5)式(shi)(shi)(shi)求得(de)的(de)(de)主(zhu)磁通(tong)(tong)Φm。  干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)發生內部短路故(gu)障時，一般(ban)將短路部分看作第三(san)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組，相(xiang)當于(yu)一臺(tai)三(san)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組干(gan)(gan)(gan)(gan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)在第三(san)繞(rao)(rao)(rao)組發生短路，其等效電(dian)路圖(tu)(tu)如(ru)圖(tu)(tu)4所(suo)(suo)示。

  其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)折算后(hou)(hou)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)繞組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)漏(lou)感，r′2、L′2別(bie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)折算后(hou)(hou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)副邊(bian)(bian)繞組電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)漏(lou)感。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，原(yuan)邊(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)折算后(hou)(hou)副邊(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)之(zhi)差為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)正常(chang)(chang)運行時(shi)(shi)(shi)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)繞組的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)之(zhi)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，即(ji)Δi=i1-,其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)i0為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)干式變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)正常(chang)(chang)運行時(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)差電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)Δi被稱為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)等效(xiao)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)部(bu)分(fen)(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)損(sun)耗，相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)當于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)Φm滯后(hou)(hou)等效(xiao)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)度增大(da)，Φm-Δi軌(gui)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)橢(tuo)圓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長、短軸比例縮小(xiao)(xiao)。短路(lu)(lu)(lu)匝(za)數(shu)越多(duo)，則(ze)損(sun)耗越大(da)，橢(tuo)圓的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)長、短軸比例也(ye)越小(xiao)(xiao)，甚至(zhi)發(fa)生(sheng)反(fan)轉(zhuan)。2  勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軌(gui)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)  選擇和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)提取(qu)特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)是(shi)區(qu)(qu)分(fen)(fen)干式變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)關鍵(jian)問題。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)發(fa)生(sheng)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，主(zhu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)交替經(jing)歷(li)進(jin)(jin)入和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)退出(chu)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)區(qu)(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)，則(ze)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)正方(fang)(fang)向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)點(dian)imax附(fu)(fu)(fu)近(jin)，主(zhu)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)嚴重飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，該處附(fu)(fu)(fu)近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軌(gui)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)橫軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夾角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)α近(jin)似(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0°；在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)imin附(fu)(fu)(fu)近(jin)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)退出(chu)飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)，該處附(fu)(fu)(fu)近(jin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軌(gui)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)橫軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夾角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)β近(jin)似(si)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)90°，如圖(tu)3(b)所(suo)示；而(er)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)反(fan)方(fang)(fang)向的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，情形(xing)剛(gang)好相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)反(fan)。但在(zai)(zai)(zai)干式變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)發(fa)生(sheng)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)變(bian)化范圍(wei)始終處于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)非飽(bao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)區(qu)(qu)，磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軌(gui)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)橫軸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)夾角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)在(zai)(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)附(fu)(fu)(fu)近(jin)基本相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)同，即(ji)α≈β，如圖(tu)3(a)所(suo)示。根據這一(yi)特(te)點(dian)，我(wo)們提出(chu)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)、較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)處磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軌(gui)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)傾(qing)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正弦值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)差作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)區(qu)(qu)分(fen)(fen)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)指(zhi)標(biao)。定義特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)指(zhi)標(biao)：    k的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)取(qu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)范圍(wei)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0≤k≤1。顯然，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)α與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)β相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)差較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)，測算出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)k值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)將接(jie)近(jin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1。而(er)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)，由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)α≈β，測算出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)將接(jie)近(jin)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)0。  應當注意的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，在(zai)(zai)(zai)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)、較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)處磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軌(gui)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傾(qing)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)經(jing)歷(li)了一(yi)個(ge)(ge)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)變(bian)化過(guo)程(cheng)，因此(ci)直接(jie)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軌(gui)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)局(ju)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微分(fen)(fen)或差分(fen)(fen)計算傾(qing)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)α和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)β存(cun)在(zai)(zai)(zai)數(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)不穩定問題。類(lei)似(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)問題在(zai)(zai)(zai)一(yi)些(xie)(xie)基于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)dΨ/di的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方(fang)(fang)法中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)常(chang)(chang)會遇到。為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)此(ci)，我(wo)們需要將傾(qing)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)α和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)β理(li)解為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)、較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)附(fu)(fu)(fu)近(jin)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)寬時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)范圍(wei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軌(gui)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平均(jun)傾(qing)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)，例如，這個(ge)(ge)時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)范圍(wei)可以取(qu)到1/10周期。我(wo)們將該時(shi)(shi)(shi)間(jian)段(duan)內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)采(cai)樣數(shu)據點(dian)(Φm，Δi)擬合(he)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一(yi)條(tiao)直線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)，然后(hou)(hou)以該直線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)傾(qing)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軌(gui)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)平均(jun)傾(qing)角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)。  區(qu)(qu)分(fen)(fen)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)判據為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)：如果k kcr則(ze)判為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，否(fou)則(ze)判定為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)。其中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)kcr是(shi)一(yi)個(ge)(ge)由(you)(you)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)戶整(zheng)定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)臨界值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)常(chang)(chang)情況下可設置為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)0.5。3  仿(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)驗證  我(wo)們利用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)EMTP仿(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)程(cheng)序對(dui)(dui)單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)干式變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)進(jin)(jin)行了仿(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)研究(jiu)，并用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)這些(xie)(xie)仿(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)數(shu)據繪制了磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軌(gui)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)圖(tu)，計算了勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)部(bu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特(te)征(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)指(zhi)標(biao)。  單(dan)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)干式變(bian)壓器(qi)(qi)空(kong)載合(he)閘(zha)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)空(kong)載匝(za)間(jian)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)故(gu)(gu)障(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)仿(fang)真(zhen)(zhen)波(bo)形(xing)分(fen)(fen)別(bie)如圖(tu)5(a)、6(a)所(suo)示，其相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軌(gui)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)如圖(tu)5(b)、6(b)所(suo)示。由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)勵(li)(li)(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)涌(yong)(yong)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)短路(lu)(lu)(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實際數(shu)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)可能很大(da)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)了比較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)計算方(fang)(fang)便(bian)起見，對(dui)(dui)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軌(gui)跡(ji)(ji)(ji)圖(tu)曲線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)進(jin)(jin)行歸一(yi)化處理(li)，即(ji)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)軸和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)軸分(fen)(fen)別(bie)除(chu)以其較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)差。把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)前0.002s內(nei)(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所(suo)有(you)(you)數(shu)據點(dian)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)一(yi)條(tiao)直線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)擬合(he)。分(fen)(fen)別(bie)計算電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)大(da)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擬合(he)直線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)橫軸夾角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)α的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正弦值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)s1和(he)(he)(he)(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)較(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)(xiao)值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)處的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)擬合(he)直線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)橫軸夾角(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)β的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)正弦值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)s2。

  對(dui)于(yu)(yu)圖(tu)5(a)中所示(shi)的(de)(de)空載(zai)合(he)閘(zha)波(bo)形(xing)，求得(de)s1=0.2417，s2=0.9982，k=‖s1|- |s2‖=0.7565；對(dui)于(yu)(yu)圖(tu)6(a)中所示(shi)的(de)(de)空載(zai)匝(za)(za)(za)間短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)故障(zhang)波(bo)形(xing)，求得(de)s1=s2=0.9495，k=‖s1|-|s2‖=0.0。顯(xian)然，按照k 0.5判(pan)據(ju)，可以很(hen)容(rong)(rong)易地識(shi)別出勵(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)涌(yong)流。4  動(dong)模實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)  下面用清華大學動(dong)模實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室的(de)(de)單相雙繞(rao)組(zu)干式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)數據(ju)，來驗(yan)(yan)證識(shi)別方案以及設定的(de)(de)門檻(jian)值。該(gai)干式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)額(e)(e)定參數為：額(e)(e)定容(rong)(rong)量5kVA，額(e)(e)定電(dian)壓(ya)460V/400V，原副邊繞(rao)組(zu)匝(za)(za)(za)數比為271/234。   單相干式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)空載(zai)合(he)閘(zha)(勵(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)涌(yong)流)、小匝(za)(za)(za)數匝(za)(za)(za)間短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)、大匝(za)(za)(za)數匝(za)(za)(za)間短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)時(shi)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)流波(bo)形(xing)以及經過處(chu)理(li)后的(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)通軌跡(ji)圖(tu)分別如圖(tu)7、8、9所示(shi)。多(duo)次(ci)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)均(jun)具有相似的(de)(de)波(bo)形(xing)。求得(de)干式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)八次(ci)空投(tou)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(出現勵(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)涌(yong)流)時(shi)k的(de)(de)值均(jun)大于(yu)(yu)0.9332，均(jun)滿(man)足判(pan)據(ju)；求得(de)干式(shi)(shi)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)四次(ci)空載(zai)匝(za)(za)(za)間短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)故障(zhang)(包括(kuo)大匝(za)(za)(za)數短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu)和小匝(za)(za)(za)數短(duan)(duan)(duan)路(lu)(lu))時(shi)k的(de)(de)值均(jun)小于(yu)(yu)0.0434，均(jun)不滿(man)足判(pan)據(ju)k 0.5。

  該(gai)識別方(fang)法(fa)不受剩(sheng)磁(ci)(ci)大(da)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)，判定(ding)時(shi)間(jian)比較(jiao)短(用一(yi)(yi)個周(zhou)期的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)即(ji)可完成判定(ding))。而(er)且，由(you)于(yu)采用正弦值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)絕對值(zhi)計算判據(ju)，所(suo)得到的(de)(de)(de)判據(ju)值(zhi)在(zai)0-1范(fan)圍內(nei)變(bian)化(hua)，與干式(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際值(zhi)無關，便于(yu)統一(yi)(yi)整定(ding)。5  結論：  本文提(ti)出一(yi)(yi)種不需要(yao)干式(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)參數的(de)(de)(de)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)軌跡(ji)(ji)特征法(fa)識別勵(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)涌流。該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)利用實(shi)測的(de)(de)(de)干式(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)和(he)電(dian)(dian)流量來推算干式(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)主(zhu)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)軌跡(ji)(ji)，并按照主(zhu)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)軌跡(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)特征量來判斷主(zhu)磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)變(bian)化(hua)范(fan)圍位于(yu)線(xian)性部(bu)分(fen)還(huan)是(shi)磁(ci)(ci)路飽和(he)部(bu)分(fen)，從而(er)確定(ding)干式(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)是(shi)否(fou)發生勵(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)涌流。該(gai)識別方(fang)法(fa)利用積分(fen)方(fang)法(fa)求取磁(ci)(ci)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，避免(mian)了(le)微分(fen)帶來的(de)(de)(de)無窮值(zhi)問(wen)題。其判據(ju)值(zhi)在(zai)0-1范(fan)圍內(nei)變(bian)化(hua)，與干式(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)際值(zhi)無關，便于(yu)統一(yi)(yi)整定(ding)。而(er)且判定(ding)時(shi)間(jian)短，不受剩(sheng)磁(ci)(ci)大(da)小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)影響(xiang)。仿真和(he)實(shi)驗結果表明，該(gai)方(fang)法(fa)能夠快速、可靠(kao)地(di)識別干式(shi)變(bian)壓(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)(de)勵(li)(li)磁(ci)(ci)涌流和(he)內(nei)部(bu)短路故(gu)障。

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